Civil Liability ConventionThe memorandum and the conventions that have been ratified by Ghana and have been incorporated into the bill include: the International Convention for the Prevention of Marine Pollution from Ships, the 1996 Protocol to the Convention on the Prevention of Marine Pollution by Dumping of Wastes and other Matter (London Dumping Convention)1971, the International Convention Relating to Intervention on Higher seas in case of Oil Pollution Casualties, Oil Pollution Preparedness Response and Cooperation Convention (OPRC), the 1992, Civil Liability Convention (CLC) and the International Oil Pollution Compensation Fund 1992. The liability and compensation provisions in Portion XVI of the Canada Shipping Act are transferred to the Marine Liability Act, Part six. In May possibly 2003, a Supplementary (‘third tier’) Fund was established at the IMO via a Protocol that elevated the quantity of readily available compensation to about US$ 1 billion (like the amounts paid under the 1992 CLC and Fund Convention) in countries that are celebration to it.

The limitations of the international regime established by the IMO Conventions on civil liability for oil pollution harm, particularly with respect to compensation for environmental harm per se, have prompted actions before national Courts in search of suitable reparation from parties (other than the shipowner) involved in the operations of tankers in circumstances of catastrophic oil spills.

The TGI judgment also goes far beyond the IMO civil liability regime in applying the French legal notion of compensable harm which consists of not only material damage but also individual injury, moral harm … Read the rest >>>

Civil Liability ConventionThe International Convention on Civil Liability for Oil Pollution Damage, or the CLC Convention, was adopted in November 1969 to ensure that sufficient compensation is accessible to those who suffer oil pollution harm resulting from maritime casualties involving oil-carrying ships. Except as supplied in paragraphs three and four, the shipowner at the time of an incident shall be liable for pollution damage brought on by any bunker oil on board or originating from the ship, offered that, if an incident consists of a series of occurrences possessing the similar origin, the liability shall attach to the shipowner at the time of the very first of such occurrences.

This Convention shall supersede any International Conventions in force or open for signature, ratification or accession at the date on which the Convention is opened for signature, but only to the extent that such Conventions would be in conflict with it on the other hand, practically nothing in this Write-up shall influence the obligations of Contracting States to non-Contracting States arising under such International Conventions.

As a result, the ruling by the Paris TGI expands the circle of persons liable for the pollution damage triggered by the oil spill, by acquiring that numerous physical and legal persons, other than these exempted from liability under Short article III, four of the CLC, exercised handle over the activity of the tanker and might have incurred criminal duty, which in turn entails civil liability below French law.

The limitations of the international regime established by the … Read the rest >>>

Civil Liability ConventionDisclaimer: IMO has endeavoured to make the data on this internet site as accurate as attainable but cannot take responsibility for any errors. B. that, where legally feasible in accordance with their national law, States Parties to the 1969 CLC accept CLC certificates issued by State Parties to the 1992 CLC as proof that a ship has insurance cover as required by the 1969 CLC. Note: The limits of liability below the a variety of regimes are primarily based on specified units of account (Particular Drawing Correct – SDR). Size is not relevant nor is there any provision in the Convention, as there is in some other conventions, such as the LLMC Convention in its art. These Parties that have not ratified the 1992 regime are nevertheless regarded Parties to CLC 1969.

Secondly, if, for example, the ship is bareboat chartered and pursuant to the charter celebration the owner is liable for bunker oil pollution harm — which would make sense, given that the owner is expected to preserve insurance or other economic safety to cover liability for pollution damage — claimants would nevertheless be entitled to bring a claim against the bareboat charterer, who apparently 17 is not expected to keep insurance coverage or financial security.

The outcome could be that exactly where the ship is bareboat chartered and its management is entrusted by the charterer to a manager, there would be 3 persons who need to keep insurance or other financial security, thereby tripling the insurance costs: a … Read the rest >>>

Civil Liability ConventionIn addition, a detailed study of the Erika case reveals some of the rationale for several of the persistent capabilities of marine pollution liability regimes. Payments of compensation and the administrative costs of the 1971 IOPC Fund had been financed by contributions levied on companies in Fund Convention countries that received crude oil and heavy fuel oil after sea transport. The tanker owner is normally entitled to limit his liability to an amount which is linked to the tonnage of the tanker causing the pollution.

Secondly, if, for instance, the ship is bareboat chartered and pursuant to the charter party the owner is liable for bunker oil pollution damage — which would make sense, given that the owner is essential to retain insurance coverage or other monetary safety to cover liability for pollution damage — claimants would nonetheless be entitled to bring a claim against the bareboat charterer, who apparently 17 is not necessary to preserve insurance or economic security.

The ship-owner’s liability can only be exonerated if he proves that the damage resulted from acts of war or comparable force majeure circumstances, from wilful acts or omissions of a third party, or from negligence or other wrongful act of the authority responsible for the upkeep of navigational aids in the workout of its functions. Issued in accordance with the provisions of Report VII of the International Convention on Civil Liability for Oil Pollution Harm, 1969.

The result could be that where the ship is bareboat chartered and its management … Read the rest >>>

Civil Liability ConventionA CLC Certificate ought to be kept on board every Liberian registered vessel that carries more than two,000 tons of oil in bulk as cargo, in accordance with the provisions of Articles VII of the 1992 International Convention on Civil Liability for Oil Pollution damage. The 1971 Fund Convention offered for the payment of supplementary compensation to these who could not get complete compensation for oil pollution harm below the 1969 CLC. The Canadian Government’s claim for expenses and expenditures incurred is presented to, and paid by, the International Oil Pollution Compensation Fund. The consolidated text of CLC 1969, as modified by the 1992 Protocol, is referred to as the 1992 Civil Liability Convention.

Recognition of the problems that can be triggered by spills of heavy bunker fuel from non-tankers led to the adoption of the International Convention on Civil Liability for Bunker Oil Pollution Harm at a Diplomatic Conference in March 2001. Part 6 of the Marine Liability Act is amended to implement the Supplementary Fund Protocol and the Bunkers Convention.

For the 1st time in national judiciary practice, the TGI Judgment by-passed the international regime established by the 1992 Conventions, until then considered as self-contained and exclusive, in also applying the civil liability scheme established by French law. The Canada Shipping Act authorizes a levy, had been it to be imposed, at 30 cents per tonne to be indexed annually in the very same manner as the limit of liability of the SOPF.

As soon as the present … Read the rest >>>