All Posts in "tanker"

Civil Liability ConventionIn May 2003 a Supplementary (‘third tier’) Fund was established at the IMO via a new Protocol that will boost the quantity of compensation in States that ratify it to about US$1,160 million (including the amounts paid under the 1992 CLC and Fund Convention). The result could be that exactly where the ship is bareboat chartered and its management is entrusted by the charterer to a manager, there would be 3 persons who need to retain insurance or other financial safety, thereby tripling the insurance charges: a outcome that beneath the CLC has been avoided by channelling the liability to the registered owner.

Secondly, if, for example, the ship is bareboat chartered and pursuant to the charter celebration the owner is liable for bunker oil pollution damage — which would make sense, due to the fact the owner is required to sustain insurance or other monetary security to cover liability for pollution damage — claimants would nonetheless be entitled to bring a claim against the bareboat charterer, who apparently 17 is not needed to preserve insurance or financial security.

In order to address the imbalance developed by the establishment of the Supplementary Fund amongst the shipping and oil industries, two voluntary agreements where introduced by the International Group of P&I Clubs: the Tiny Tanker Oil Pollution Indemnification Agreement (STOPIA) 2006, and the Tanker Oil Pollution Indemnification Agreement (TOPIA) 2006, which entered into force on 20 February 2006.

Given that 1998, Parties to the 1992 Protocol ceased to be Parties to … Read the rest >>>

Joshua Brown by — June 28, 2016 in Civil Liability Convention

Civil Liability ConventionStarting this week, I will be posting primers on the different provisions of the Family members Code of the Philippines For this week, the primer is on the fundamental provisions on marriage, particularly Articles 1 to 34. Please surf more than to Title I, Articles 1 to 54 which comprise the comprehensive provisions of the Family members Code on marriage. The International Convention on Civil Liability for Bunker Oil Pollution Damage (the Bunkers Convention) is adopted internationally. Compensation beneath the Fund Convention is supplied by oil cargo receivers in Contracting States and every contribution depends on individual import quantities. Its key functions are the similar as CLC 1969, but CLC 1992 differs in the amounts by which a shipowner may limit his liability. Panama has indicated that it would be ready to offer 1969 CLC certificates for 1992 CLC flag ships. The Protocol of 1984 to amend the CLC was aimed at increasing limits of liability.

The liability and compensation provisions in Component XVI of the Canada Shipping Act are transferred to the Marine Liability Act, Component 6. In Might 2003, a Supplementary (‘third tier’) Fund was established at the IMO by means of a Protocol that enhanced the quantity of obtainable compensation to around US$ 1 billion (including the amounts paid beneath the 1992 CLC and Fund Convention) in nations that are party to it.

So far as this Aspect applies, Articles 3, five and six, paragraph 10 of Post 7, and Write-up 8, of the Bunker Oil Convention … Read the rest >>>

Joshua Brown by — October 24, 2015 in Civil Liability Convention